Journal Article Repository
Supplemental Figures and Tables for:
Ansley et al. 2021. Herbaceous production and soil nitrogen after mesquite mortality in Southern Great Plains (USA) grassland. Rangeland Ecology and Management.
Figure S1. The Southern Great Plains (SGP) is defined in this paper (red outline) as the 368,000 km2 southern portion (latitude 31-38º N, longitude 96-104º W), or 65 % of the 569,420 km2 Central Great Plains Region of the USA (31-41º N latitude; USDA-NRCS, 2006, page 195). Distance scale is redrawn and applies to the larger map. Locations where most Prosopis soil nutrient research has been conducted in the USA and northern Mexico are shown as red dots in the inset map [southern Texas, USA (Geesing et al., 2000; McCulley et al., 2004; Boutton and Liao, 2010; Arizona, USA, Prosopis velutina (Tiedemann and Klemmedson, 1986; Wheeler et al., 2007); northern Mexico (Herrera-Arreola et al., 2007)]. The research location in the SGP in this paper is shown as a white dot in both maps.
Table S2. Mesquite herbicide treatment mixtures applied via helicopter on July 10, 2014 in the 4 blocks. Conditions during spraying (6:30-7:30 am): air temperature 26.1O C; relative humidity 50-56%; wind speed 0.9-1.8 m . s -1; soil temperature 28.9 oC. Total spray volume (chemical +water) in each treatment was 46.76 l . ha -1.
| Block | Herbicide Mix | Commercial Name¹ |
|---|---|---|
| 1 and 2 | clopyralid (0.32 l . ha⁻¹) | Reclaim + Remedy |
| triclopyr (0.35 l . ha⁻¹) | ||
| 3 | clopyralid (0.63 l . ha⁻¹) | Sendero + Remedy |
| triclopyr (0.35 l . ha⁻¹) | ||
| aminopyralid (0.12 l . ha⁻¹) | ||
| 4 | clopyralid (0.63 l . ha⁻¹) | Sendero |
| aminopyralid (0.12 l . ha⁻¹) |
1/Commercial names of products from Corteva (formerly Dow AgroSciences).
Table S3. Species in each functional group frequency of occurrence in 192 clip quadrats (CS = cool season, WS = warm season; SU = season unknown. Forb seasonality determined from Hatch and Pluhar, 1993; Linex, 2014; Stubbendieck et al., 2019; and USDA-NRCS, 2020.
| Functional Group (FG) | Species Name | Common Name | Freq. Occur. Species | % Occur. Species | Species per FG | Freq. Occur. FG | % Occur. FG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C3 Mid-grass | Nassella leucotricha | Texas wintergrass | 142 | 74.0 | 1 | 142 | 74.0 |
| C3 Annual Grass | Hordeum pusillum | Little barley | 23 | 12.0 | 4 | 36 | 18.8 |
| Bromus japonicus | Japanese brome | 7 | 3.6 | ||||
| Bromus unioloides | Rescuegrass | 4 | 2.1 | ||||
| Vulpia octoflora | Six-weeks fescue | 2 | 1.0 | ||||
| C4 Short-grass | Buchloe dactyloides | Buffalograss | 32 | 16.7 | 5 | 63 | 32.8 |
| Hilaria belangeri | Curly mesquite | 21 | 10.9 | ||||
| Bouteloua hirsuta | Hairy grama | 6 | 3.1 | ||||
| Bouteloua gracilis | Blue grama | 3 | 1.6 | ||||
| Chloris verticulata | Tumble windmill grass | 1 | 0.5 | ||||
| C4 Mid-grass | Hopia obtusa | Vine mesquite | 12 | 6.3 | 6 | 32 | 16.7 |
| Sporobolus cryptandrus | Sand dropseed | 11 | 5.7 | ||||
| Bouteloua curtipendula | Sideoats grama | 6 | 3.1 | ||||
| Bothriochloa laguroides | Silver bluestem | 1 | 0.5 | ||||
| Sporobolus compositus | Meadow dropseed | 1 | 0.5 | ||||
| Digitaria californica | Arizona cottontop | 1 | 0.5 | ||||
| Perennial Forb | Oxalis stricta | Yellow wood sorrell | 38 | 19.8 | 7 | 71 | 37.0 |
| Ambrosia psilostachya | Western ragweed | 16 | 8.3 | ||||
| Solanum elaeagnifolium | Silverleaf nightshade | 11 | 5.7 | ||||
| Chamaesaracha sordida | Hairy five eyes | 2 | 1.0 | ||||
| Physalis longifolia | Groundcherry | 2 | 1.0 | ||||
| Argythamnia humilis | Wild mercury | 1 | 0.5 | ||||
| Krameria lanceolata | Trailing ratany | 1 | 0.5 | ||||
| Annual Forb CS | Plantago patagonica | Wooly plantain | 20 | 10.4 | 7 | 45 | 23.4 |
| Lepidium densiflorum | Pepperweed | 16 | 8.3 | ||||
| Plantago patagonica | Redseed plantain | 2 | 1.0 | ||||
| Lesquerella gordonii | Bladderpod | 2 | 1.0 | ||||
| Verbena bracteata | Prostrate vervain | 2 | 1.0 | ||||
| Erodium texanum | Texas filaree | 2 | 1.0 | ||||
| Stellaria media | Common chickweed | 1 | 0.5 | ||||
| Annual Forb WS | Amphiachyris dracunculoides | Annual broomweed | 44 | 22.9 | 6 | 78 | 40.6 |
| Conyza canadensis | Marestail | 28 | 14.6 | ||||
| Croton texensis | Texas croton | 2 | 1.0 | ||||
| Parthenium hysterophorus | Ragweed parthenium | 2 | 1.0 | ||||
| Chenopodium album | Lambsquarters | 1 | 0.5 | ||||
| Euphorbia dentata | Toothed spurge | 1 | 0.5 | ||||
| Annual Forb SU | Chaerophyllum tainturieri | Hairyfruit chervil | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 |
| Totals | 468 | 37 | 468 | ||||
| Total Quadrats | 192 | ||||||
| Average Species/Quadrat | 2.4 |
References
Boutton, T.W., Liao, J.D. 2010. Changes in soil nitrogen storage and δ15N with woody plant encroachment in a subtropical savanna parkland landscape. Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeoscience 115, G03019. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JG001184
Geesing, D., Felker, P., Bingham, R.L. 2000. Influence of mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) on soil nitrogen and carbon development: Implications for global carbon sequestration. Journal of Arid Environments 46, 157–180. https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.2000.0661
Hatch, S.L., Pluhar, J. 1993. Texas range plants. Texas A&M University Press, College Station, TX, USA. 326 pp.
Herrera-Arreola, G., Herrerac, Y., Reyes-Reyes, B.G., Dendooven, L. 2007. Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.), huisache (Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd.) and catclaw (Mimosa biuncifera Benth.) and their effect on dynamics of carbon and nitrogen in soils of the semiarid highlands of Durango Mexico. Journal of Arid Environments 69, 583–598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.11.014
Linex, R.J. 2014. Range plants of North Central Texas – A land user’s guide to their identification, value and management. USDA-NRCS Publication, Weatherford, TX. 345 pp.
McCulley, R.L., Archer, S.R., Boutton, T.W., Hons, F.M., Zuberer, D.A. 2004. Soil respiration and nutrient cycling in wooded communities developing in grassland. Ecology 85, 2804– 2817. https://doi.org/10.1890/03-0645
Stubbendieck, J., Coffin, M.J., Dunn, C.D. 2019. Weeds of the Great Plains. Nebraska Department of Agriculture, Lincoln, NE. 638 pp.
Tiedemann, A.R., Klemmedson, J.O. 1986. Long-term effects of mesquite removal on soil characteristics: I. Nutrients and bulk density. Soil Science Society of America Journal 50,
472–475. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000020044x
[USDA-NRCS] United States Department of Agriculture - Natural Resource Conservation Service. 2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. USDA Agricultural Handbook 296. https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_050898.pdf
[USDA-NRCS] United States Department of Agriculture - Natural Resource Conservation Service. 2020. Plants database. Available at: https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/java/ Accessed 10 Feb. 2020.
Wheeler, C.W., Archer, S.R., Asner, G.P., McMurtry, C.R. 2007. Climatic/edaphic controls on soil carbon/nitrogen response to shrub encroachment in desert grassland. Ecological Applications 17, 1911–1928. https://doi.org/10.1890/06-1580.1